Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are often free radicals with unpaired electrons. Because they are very short-lived, it has been challenging to measure ROS from biological samples. The recently developed electron spin technology has made highly specific, quantitative and reproducible measurements of ROS possible. We have obtained an ESR for measurements of nitric oxide, superoxide and other ROS from live endotheliaal cells or blood vessels isolated from wild-type or genetically manipulated mice.